\f\^mf:&i, 


^^mmm^ 


^fffV^^^^^ 


fmfiM 


iM  tkik 


AmJ^ 


^jy^FOSi 


lAAA^A^. 


A^* 


$rWM^ 


m 


mmw^ 


AAAa 


iWA/v^AA 


-y*«Avy4 


^^^fWfpm^^ 


W^SSft 


"^.^'^ '  p 


i-*»i 


^^ 


n 


K 


LI  BR  ARY 


4° 
Cf- 


UNIVERSITY   OF   CALIFORNIA 

GIFT    OK 

J^eceived 9;^^^^,/^. 

Accessions  No. ^_^^^^J^      Shelf  No. 


4iN>;'f' 


•30 


•.y\-9f 


ml« 


^"^^ 


•^C^-^J 


mm 


■n    ),.,J^M 


M-^^ 


^f-m. 


IDTJIFIF'^^'S 


^    SOURCE   OF   ^ 


^or  Various  Purposes. 


Fr. 


Printers  and  Engravei-s,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


DUFFY'S 


Wave  Motor 


AS 


A  SOURCE   OF   POWER 


FOR  VARIOUS  PURPOSES. 


SAN  FRANCISCO: 
PRANCIS,  VALENTINE  &  CO.,  PRINTERS  AND  ENGRA^'ERS, 

No.  517  Clay  Street,  and  510-516  Commercial  Street. 
188  6. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2008  with  funding  from 

IVIicrosoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/duffyswavemotoraOOduffrich 


DUFFY'S  WAVE  MOTOR 


AS   A 


SOURCE  OF  POWER  FOR  VARIOUS 
PURPOSES. 


T  purpose  in  this  pamphlet  to  give  a  short  description  of  my  Wave 
Motor,  and  of  its  application  for  various  practical  uses.  The  text  is^ 
illustrated  by  drawings  in  detail,  so  that  the  mechanism  and  its^ 
arrangement  and  operation  may  be  understood  by  the  ordinary  reader.. 

The  object  of  my  invention  is  to  utilize  the  enormous  energy  of 
water — especially  when  it  is  quick  and  waved,  as  in  a  bay  or  sea — 
to  the  uses  of  an  active  community.  Our  bays,  rivers,  and  harbors^ 
to  say  nothing  of  the  adjacent  ocean,  represent  limitless  power.  This- 
power  I  propose  to  utilize  as  a  motor  for  machinery  for  various- 
mechanical  purposes,  as  well  as  for  illumination.  It  may  be  applied 
in  a  bay,  harbor,  or  river,  to  compress  air  for  transmission  ashore  to 
machinery  for  any  industry  in  vogue  in  a  city  or  town;  and,  by  th& 
addition  of  the  nac^-ssary  apparatus,  this  compressed  air  may  h& 
employed  to  generate  electricity  for  illumination,  or  for  power  for 
special  purposes.  To  accomplish  these  objects  it  will  be  only  neces- 
sary to  anchor  the  buoy — which  is  illustrated  on  page  5 — at  a  con- 
venient distance  from  the  shore,  and  to  conduct  the  compressed  air 
therefrom  in  a  flexible  tube  to  a  reservoir  or  station  ashore,  whence 
it  may  be  conveyed  in  pipes  to  the  location  of  the  machinery.  And 
when  electricity  is  generated  for  lighting  a  city,  or  any  district 
thereof,  the  current  may  be  conducted  by  cable,  in  the  usual  way,  to 


a  central  station  for  distribution.  If  the  current  is  to  be  used  for 
power,  it  may  also  be  conducted  to  and  from  a  station,  or  directly  to 
the  machinery. 

I  will  now  give  a  particular  description  of  my  Wave  Motor,  refer- 
ring to  the  illustrations,  each  figure  being  numbered,  and  having  a 
letter  for  its  different  parts. 

Figure  1,  on  page  5,  shows  a  vertical  section  of  a  metallic  buoy.  A, 
made  preferably  in  spherical  form,  and  of  any  required  dimensions. 
The  buoy  is  provided  with  a  conical  standard,  C,  which  is  bolted  to 
the  bottom  of  the  buoy,  as  shown  in  the  drawing.  This  standard  is 
an  important  feature  of  the  Wave  Motor,  as  it  supports  the  ballasted 
basin,  B,  on  a  level,  maintaining  it  always  on  the  plane  of  the  hori- 
zon. To  accomplish  this  purpose  the  standard  is  provided  with  a 
ball-shaped  head,y*,  on  which  the  semi-spherical  cap,  b,  of  the  basin 
iits.  As  the  standard  is  bolted  to  the  buoy  and  forms  part  of  it,  it 
■will  be  seen  that  the  buoy,  reciprocating  the  motion  of  the  waves, 
oscillates  and  swings  on  the  ball-head  in  the  cap  of  the  basin.  In 
order  to  fend  off  the  swing  of  the  buoy  against  the  lower  ends  of  the 
ibasin,  heavy  rubber  bumpers,  a,  are  secured  to  the  lower  outer  sides 
■of  the  standard.  These  bumpers  prevent  shocks  and  induce  steadi- 
ness. The  cap,  b,  is  bolted  to  the  annular  top  of  the  basin,  and  is 
provided  with  an  oil-cup,  c,  for  lubricating  both  cap  and  ball-head. 

The  basin,  B,  is  ballasted,  as  shown  in  the  drawing,  for  the  purpose 
■of  giving  the  required  pressure  to  the  air-pumps,  which  is  at  the  rate 
of  fifty  pounds  to  the  square  inch  for  each  pump.  In  the  center  of 
the  basin  there  is  a  conical  space  for  the  standard.  The  air-pumps, 
D,  one  of  which  is  shown  in  Figure  1,  are  bolted  by  a  plate,  r,  to 
rthe  sides  of  the  basin,  and  are  attached  to  the  buoy  in  a  manner 
•which  will  be  described  hereafter.  The  basin  is  provided  with  decks 
on  which  are  arranged  necessary  apparatus  and  fixtures:  on  the 
lower  deck,  d,  is  the  annular  air  chamber  F,  from  which  air-pipes  ex- 
tend; and  on  the  upper  deck,  e,  are  arranged  theengine,  I,  and  dynamo 
,  J,  and  cabins  and  store-rooms,  M.  A  stairway  leads  to  a  platform, 
N,  placed  over  the  basin  cap,  from  which  the  tower  is  reached  by  a 
J  spiral  stairway. 


Figure  1  is  a  vertical  section  through  the  buoy  and  frame-work,  showing  the  arrangement 
of  the  ballasted  basin  B,  one  of  the  air-pumps  D,  the  air-reservoir  E,  the  air-chamber  F,  the 
engine  I  and  dynamo  J,  the  guiding  and  braking  device  b^,  &2,  and  the  tower  O,  water-reser- 
voir R,  whistle  U,  electric-light  V,  and  bell  VV. 

Figure  2  is  a  plan  of  the  tower  O,  and  water-reservoir  R  in  four  compartments. 


IFor  the  purpose  of  guiding  the  ballasted  poised  basin,  and  prevent- 
ing it  from  swinging  round  with  the  buoy,  and  also  to  hold  it  rigid 
to  the  buoy  and  to  stop  the  operation  of  the  air-pumps  while  luaking 
repairs  or  for  other  cause,  there  is  provided  a  guiding  and  braking 
device,  as  shown  in  Figures  1  and  3.  A  brake,  b^,  having  a  jawed 
recess  in  its  end,  is  secured  to  the  top  of  the  basin  on  its  four  sides; 
and  shoes,  b^,  are  attached  to  the  shell  of  the  buoy.  The  recess  in 
the  brake  fits  loosely  on  the  shoe,  and  guides  the  basin  and  prevents 
it  from  swinging;  and  when  it  is  necessary  to  hold  the  basin  rigid  to 
the  buoy,  the  brake  is  screwed  inward  to  impinge  on  the  shoe. 

Encircling  the  buoy  above  the  water-line  is  a  great  reservoir,  E, 
for  storing  the  compressed  air  received  from  the  air-chamber,  F.  The 
reservoir  is  divided  by  a  number  of  partitions,  each  of  which  is  pro- 
vided with  an  automatic  valve  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  the  air 
from  returning  and  to  force  it  forward  to  the  point  of  delivery.  It 
is  provided  also  with  the  necessary  escape-valves.  In  addition  to  its 
purpose  for  storing  compressed  air,  the  reservoir  serves  to  impart 
steadiness  to  the  buoy. 

The  air  chamber,  F,  which  has  been  described  as  arranged  on  the 
lower  deck  of  the  basin,  receives  compressed  air  from  the  air-pumps 
through  the  pipe  G,  and  delivers  it  to  the  reservoir  through  the  pipe 
K,  which  extends  upward  to  the  reservoir  in  the  manner  shown  in 
Figure  1.  The  air-pipe,  K,  is  provided  with  a  stop-cock,  v,  to  regu- 
late the  passage  of  compressed  air;  and  in  order  to  secure  it  from  in- 
jury or  breaking,  it  is  provided  with  a  flexible  tube,  L,  which  recip- 
rocates the  motions  of  the  buoy.  Compressed  air  is  conveyed  from 
the  chamber,  F,  to  the  engine  by  a  pipe,  H;  and  air  escapes  from  the 
engine  by  pipes,  w.  The  buoy  is  supplied  with  fresh  air  through 
pipes,  T,  as  well  as  through  port-holes  in  the  upper  segments  and 
through  the  tower,  O. 

The  air-pumps,  D,  are  of  peculiar  construction  and  arrangement, 
and  are  secured  in  such  a  manner  as  to  reduce  the  probability  of  an 
accident  to  them  to  the  minimum.  Each  pump  is  bolted  to  the  side 
of  the  basin  by  a  plate,  r,  which  is  attached  to  the  pump-barrel  or 
forms  part  of  it,  as  shown  in  Figure  6;  and  it  is  secured  to  the  shell 


Fljfure  3  is  a  plan  of  the  buoy,  showing  the  arrangement  of  air-pumps  D  and  air-pipe  G, 
the  guiding  and  braking  device  6',  b'^,  cabins  and  store-rooms  M,  engine  I  and  djnanio  J, 
standard  C,  reservoir  E,  and  main-deck  X. 


8 

of  the  buoy,  on  the  ribs  of  which  there  are  higs,  jt?,  by  the  piston- 
rod,  0,  which  is  held  loosely  on  a  bolt  which  passes  through  and  is 
secured  to  the  lugs.  From  the  center  upward  the  pump-barrel  i& 
graduated  in  sections,  and  each  section  is  provided  with  a  receding 
valve.  Each  of  the  four  receding  valves  shown,  g^,  /,  /,  g\  has  re- 
cesses or  gi'ooves,  j,  in  the  rim,  into  which  guide-bars,  k,  enter,  and 
on  which  the  valves  move  up  and  down.  The  guide-bars  are  secured 
to  the  pump-barrel  by  screws.  Each  of  tJie  receding  valves  increases 
in  diameter  corresponding  to  the  sections  of  the  pump-barrel,  as 
shown  in  Figures  9,  10,  11,  12,  and  is  provided  with  a  rubber  cap,  h, 
which  is  attached  to  the  valve  by  a  screw,  i.  The  cap  is  counter- 
sunk for  the  head  of  the  screw,  the  shank  of  which  is  loose  in  the  cap, 
by  which  means  the  cap  rises  to  the  pressure  of  the  air  and  permits 
it  to  pass  into  the  upper  section  of  the  pump.  The  check-valve,  g, 
and  the  piston,  m,  are  each  provided  with  a  like  rubber  cap,  having 
similar  action.  The  piston-rod  is  connected  with  the  piston  by  an 
universal  joint,  n,  which  acts  reciprocally  to  the  motions  of  the  buoy. 
For  the  purpose  of  lubricating  the  guide-bars,  k,  an  oil-cup,  t,  placed 
on  the  top  of  the  pump-barrel,  supplies  oil  to  holes,  q,  in  the  check- 
valve,  through  which  it  flows  to  the  bars. 

In  Figure  1,  the  dotted  lines,  z^,  show  the  movement  of  tl^e  buoy 
in  imparting  a  full  stroke  to  the  pump.  A  full  up-stroke  will  dis- 
charge the  compressed  air  out  of  the  pump,  leaving  the  valves  massed 
in  the  upper  section;  and  on  the  down-stroke  each  valve  will  fall 
and  seat  in  its  proper  section.  The  object  of  the  sections  in  the 
pump-barrel  is  to  store  the  air  received  from  imperfect  strokes  of  the 
piston  caused  by  the  irregular  action  of  the  waves;  and,  whether  the 
stroke  is  short  or  long,  the  air  received  is  stored  in  the  sections  until 
it  is  discharged  into  the  air-chamber.  The  basin,  B,  to  which  the 
pumps  are  attached,  imparts  to  the  pumps  the  wave-power  received 
from  the  buoy — the  weight  of  the  ballast  in  the  basin  being  the 
equivalent  of  the  pressure  exerted  on  the  pumps. 

In  adapting  the  Wave  Motor  for  service  as  a  signal,  relief,  or  light 
station,  a  heavy  iron  frame- work,  Q,  is  attached  to  the  upper  segment 
of  the  buoy,  as  shown  in  Figures  1  and  4.    In  this  frame- work  there 


Figure  4  is  a  view  of  the  buoy  anchored  at  sea  for  service  as  a  relief  or  light-station. 


10 

are  arranged  and  secured  a  signal-whistle,  U,  which  is  operated  by 
compressed  air  conveyed  by  a  pipe,  Z^,  from  the  reservoir,  E;  an 
electric  light,  V,  and  a  bell  W;  and  at  the  top  there  is  a  step  for  a 
flag-staff.  Extending  from  the  top  of  the  buoy  to  about  the  middle 
of  the  frame-work  there  is  a  cylindrical  iron  tower,  O,  having  port- 
hole lights  and  a  door  opening  from  the  hurricane-deck,  Z.  The 
tower  is  also  entered  from  the  inside  of  the  buoy  by  a  spiral  stair- 
way, P,  for  the  purpose  of  arranging  or  repairing  the  electric  lights, 
and  for  a  lookout.  Surrounding  the  buoy  above  the  reservoir,  E, 
there  is  a  main-deck,  X,  from  which  a  companion-ladder  extends  to 
the  hurricane-deck.  The  anchor-chain,  to  which  the  buoy  is  at- 
tached, is  made  fast  to  the  main-deck,  and  may  be  slipped  in  an 
instant  on  an  emergency. 

Whenever  the  water  at  the  station  is  temporarily  too  quiet  to  give 
the  required  action  to  the  buoy,  there  is  provided  an  auxiliary  means 
for  imparting  motion  to  the  buoy.  This  is  accomplished  by  attaching 
round  the  tower  a  water-reservoir,  E,,  subdivided  into  four  compart- 
ments, as  shown  in  Figure  2.  The  compartments  are  hlled  and 
discharged  through  branch  pipes,  cc,  which  connect  with  supply-pipe 
S,  which  also  discharges  the  water.  All  of  the  compartments  can 
be  filled  by  a  force-pump  operated  by  the  engine,  or  any  two  of  them 
on  the  line  of  equilibrium  as  may  be  required;  and  when  the  action 
of  the  buoy  becomes  sufficiently  energetic  from  the  motion  of  the 
waves,  the  water  is  discharged  from  the  reservoir. 

In  applying  the  Wave  Motor  to  a  vessel  as  a  means  of  projmlsion, 
the  arrangement  and  operation  of  the  apparatus  are  similar  to  those 
already  described.  The  vessel,  of  course,  represents  the  buoy,  and 
reciprocates  the  motion  of  the  waves,  by  which  the  air-pumps  are 
operated  and  compress  the  air.  The  vessel  will  be  divided,  according 
to  its  size,  by  strong  bulkheads  into  several  compartments.  In  each 
compartment  there  will  be  a  ballasted  basin,  B,  arranged  on  a  stand- 
ard, C,  in  the  same  manner  as  shown  for  the  buoy.  The  form  of  the 
basin  will  conform  in  some  degree  to  that  of  the  vessel,  or,  prefera- 
bly, will  be  made  square,  with  obtuse  or  rounded  corners,  and  will 
have  a  cone-shaped  space  in  the  center  for  the  conical  standard,  which 


11 


Figure  5  is  a  vertical  section  of  one  of  the  air-pumps  D,  and  part  of  an  air-pipe  G,  showintf 
the  check- valve  g  and  recedinu:  valves  jr',  g'^,  g'^^,  g\,  the  guide-bars  k,  and  the  universal  joint  n, 
connecting  piston  m  and  piston-rod  o.  Figure  6  is  an  elevation  of  one  of  the  air-pumps,  show- 
ing plate  r  for  attaching  it  to  the  basin.  Figures  7  and  8  are  views  of  the  piston-rod.  Figures 
9, 10,  11,  12  are  views  of  the  receding  valves,  showing  the  grooves  in  their  rim.  Figure  13  is 
a  plan  of  the  piston.  Figure  14  is  the  same,  looking  from  underneath.  Figure  15  is  a  plan 
of  the  check-valve  g,  sh  )wing  oil-holes  and  channel.  Figure  16  is  a  plan  of  the  air-pump, 
showing  the  guide-bar ■<,  Ar,  and  the  valve-seats. 


12 


will  be  bolted  to  the  keelson.  The  ballast  in  the  basin  Avill  be  cargo^ 
and  will  be  adjusted  to  represent  a  pressure  on  each  pump  of  fifty 
pounds  per  square  inch.  The  required  number  of  air-pumps,  D,  will 
be  secured  to  each  basin,  and  each  pump  will  be  connected  by  the 
piston-rod  to  the  side  of  the  vessel,  the  connection  between  rod  and 
piston  being  an  universal  joint.  The  air-chamber,  F,  receiving  com- 
pressed air  from  the  air-pumps,  will  be  arranged  on  the  deck  of  es  ch 
basin,  and  compressed  air  will  be  conducted  from  this  chamber  to 
the  storage-reservoir,  E,  by  flexible  tubes,  which  will  reciprocate  the 
motion  of  the  vessel. 

The  storage -reservoir — the  counterpart  of  reservoir,  E,  on  the  buoy 
— will  be  arranged  round  the  vessel  under  the  plank-sheer,  and  will 
be  divided  amidships  by  a  solid  partition,  forming  a  fore-and-aft 
chamber  in  the  reservoir — the  chamber  aft  receiving  air  only  from 
the  after  pumps,  and  the  forward  chamber  only  from  the  forward 
pumps.  Each  chamber  of  the  reservoir  is  subdivided  by  partitions, 
each  of  which  is  provided  with  an  automatic  valve  which  pre- 
vents the  air  from  returning  and  forces  it  forward  to  the  point  of 
delivery. 

Compressed  air  will  be  conveyed  from  the  reservoir  by  suitably 
arranged  pipes  to  the  engine,  which  will  connect  with  a  dynamo,  for 
service  in  propelling  the  vessel,  generating  electricity  for  illumina- 
tion or  other  purposes,  for  receiving  or  discharging  cargo,  or  for  any 
service  requiring  power. 

The  Wave  Motor  may  also  be  applied  to  a  sailing-vessel  as  an 
auxiliary  means  of  propulsion.  For  this  purpose  the  compressed  air 
would  be  applied  directly  to  the  water  through  a  large  pipe  leading 
from  the  air-reservoir  through  the  stern  of  the  vessel  near  the  keel. 
Applied  in  this  manner,  the  pressure  of  the  compressed  air  on  the 
water,  combined  with  the  force  exerted  by  the  expansion  of  the  air, 
will  serve  to  drive  the  vessel  ahead  at  a  fair  rate  of  speed. 

On  page  9  the  Wave  Motor  is  illustrated  as  a  signal,  relief,  or  light 
station,  on  a  buoy  anchored  at  sea.  The  buoy  is  provided  with  a  heavy 
iron  frame-work  which  secures  the  signal-whistle,  bell,  and  electric 
lights.     It  encloses  also    the   auxiliary  water-reservoir  for  increas- 


13 

ing  the  energy  of  the  buoy  in  smooth  water;  and  the  tower,  having 
a  stairway  leading  from  the  inside  of  the  buoy  for  the  purpose  of 
arranging  or  repairing  the  electric  lights,  or  for  observation.  The 
buoy  is  also  provided  with  a  main-deck  for  landing  from  or  going 
off  in  boats,  and  above  the  main-deck  there  is  a  hurricane-deck. 
Each  anchor-chain  is  provided  with  a  buoy,  so  that  in  case  the  chain 
is  slipped  in  any  emergency  it  may  readily  be  picked  up.  The  buoy- 
station  will  be  provided  with  cabins  for  the  crew,  and  with  store- 
rooms for  provisions  and  all  needed  supplies.  In  case  a  wreck  was 
discovered  from  the  buoy,  or  the  buoy  was  reached  by  a  wrecked 
crew,  or  in  any  incident  arising  from  stress  of  weather,  the  station 
would  be  prepared  to  give  succor  and  relief. 

The  construction  of  the  buoy  and  the  arrangement  of  the  appa- 
ratus would  make  it  a  st^,un(^h  and  comfortable  craft  even  in  the 
most  boisterous  sea.  The  deck,  on  which  the  cabins  will  be  placed, 
will  be  arranged  on  the  ballasted  and  poised  basin  in  such  a  manner 
as  to  keep  them  always  level.  As  has  been  shown  in  the  foregoing 
description,  a  standard  is  bolted  to  the  bottom  of  the  buoy  and  is 
provided  with  a  ball-shaped  head,  in  which  the  semi-spherical  cap  of 
the  basin  fits;  and  on  this  standard  the  buoy  oscillates  and  swings, 
while  the  basin  is  always  on  the  plane  of  the  horizon:  while  the 
sides  of  the  craft — that  is  to  say,  the  buoy — were  constantly  inclining 
at  different  angles,  the  decks  would  be  level.  Sea-sickness  would  be 
unknown  to  the  occupants  of  the  buoy,  who  would  always  be  in  a 
fairly  comfortable  and  safe  condition. 

When  employed  as  a  signal,  relief,  or  light  station,  the  buoy  would 
necessarily  be  of  large  dimensions — say  30,  60  or  90  feet  in  diam- 
eter— and  in  every  case  built  and  braced  in  the  mostskillful  manner. 
Its  si»herical  shape  would  offer  the  least  resistance  to  the  action  of 
the  waves ;  while  the  great  air-reservoir  which  encircles  it  above  the 
water-line  would  render  it  a  veritable  life-boat.  In  an  exposed  and 
unusually  dangerous  position  my  Wave  Motor  buoy-station  would 
be,  beyond  all  odds,  safer  than  the  ordinary  light-ship.  Employed 
as  a  relief-station  at  a  distance  from  land,  and  anchored  in  water 
broken  at  intervals  into  an  angry  surf,  or  in  the  vicinity  of  perilous 


14 

reefs  or  hentllands;  or  stretched  in  a  line  of  stations,  at  convenient 
distances  in  practicable  anchorage,  over  a  great  ocean  highway — as, 
for  example,  between  New  York  and  Liverpool — these  great  buoy- 
stations,  provided  with  persistent  and  unfailing  power  for  light,  and 
signals,  and  every  purpose,  and  with  provisions  and  supplies,  and 
equipped  to  relieve  and  succor  vessels  in  distress,  would  render  incal- 
culable service  to  commerce  and  to  the  traveling  public. 

In  every  case  where  the  station  was  unusually  exposed  to  the 
action  of  high  winds  and  the  consequent  rough  water,  the  buoy 
would  be  provided  with  means  for  discharging  oil  overboard  to 
smooth  the  surrounding  water.  Cumulative  experience  goes  to  prove 
that  oil  has  this  effect  upon  water;  for  the  oil  spreads  over  the  water 
and  c«:)vers  it  with  a  film,  and  upon  this  viscous  surface  the  wind  has 
little,  or,  at  least,  less  effect  in  raising  waves.  The  observed  effect  of 
the  oil-film  is  to  diminish  the  "  combing "  of  the  waves,  and  to  pre- 
vent the  formation  of  small  waves,  and  the  growth  and  sharpening 
of  large  ones,  by  the  continued  action  of  the  wind.  This  theory  re- 
specting the  effect  of  oil  on  water  is  fast  forming  into  science,  and 
its  truth  is  borne  out  by  every-day  experience,  as  the  reports  from 
observant  seafaring  men  to  the  hydrogi'aphic  bureau  at  Washington 
clearly  show.  And  thus,  provided  with  a  supply  of  oil,  the  relief 
or  light  buoy  would  ride  securely  in  relatively  smooth  water  sur- 
rounded by  an  enridged  and  angry  surf. 


In  conclusion,  I  may  be  permitted  to  say  that  the  claim  of  the 
great  utility  of  my  Wave  Motor  appears  to  be  reasonable  and  well- 
founded.  It  has  a  broad  field  for  application,  in  which  its  advan- 
tages are  as  numerous  as  they  are  obvious.  Its  utility  as  a  relief  O)- 
light  station  at  sea  has  been  briefly  shown.  Its  advantages  for 
home  use — that  is  to  say,  employed  in  an  adjacent  bay,  harbor,  or 
river,  or  near  the  sea-shore,  as  a  source  of  power  to  be  transmitted 
ashore  to  various  machinery;  or  to  generate  electricity  for  lighting  a 


15 


city,  or  for  power  for  special  purposes — are  so  evident  as  to  require 
no  detailed  account  of  the  manner  of  application. 

TERRENCE  DUFFY. 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

N.  B. — Correspondents  desiring  further  information  respecting  my 
Wave  Motor  will  please  direct  to  my  address, 

T.  DUFFY, 
948  Geary  Street,  San  Francisco. 


-njuWiTiV 


v^^wvijWUv 


^^^i^m 


mm'^^m 


^n- 


iwri^i 


mmsm^ 


m»^^®:smm 


^vv^rii 


lilYi 


wvwuwyf 


(^b^« 


u^Vi^ 


Vl 


wmi 


ayscov 


Uff' 


i^yv,v 


>^s*i/v 


^«^^i 
wMw 


fs^'ifSimN 


i&&S^kjuPI^SSKi 


m^0^^-^m 


\[A 


iwyp^^y,^ 


vwww^ 


Mi£^«^^^ 


vvvw-  ^w,:vv\; 


'V'^VMi^ 


'|yiiv/.\^'.::MMV    ill     ik    h\J. 


^^^1 


